<p>United Brethren Church, also known as Pleasant Hill Chapel is a church in Union County, South Dakota. It was built in 1905 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>It is located on a country road in Spink Township, about 4.5 mi northeast of the community of Spink.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-and-a-half-story gable-front clapboard building built on a clay tile foundation. A steeple is centered in its front facade. It was built by carpenters Matson and Buum.</p><br>
<p>Martin&#39;s Evangelical Church is a church east of Lesterville in Yankton County, South Dakota. It was built in 1923 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The churchs most salient feature is its central, square tower with "tall gable wall dormers, corbeled machicolation&#39; arcading, and a polygonal termination." It has brick- and stucco-faced walls upon a concrete foundation.</p><br>
<p>The St. Agnes Church is a congregation of the Roman Catholic Church in Utica, South Dakota, operated as a mission of the parish of St. John the Baptist in Lesterville, both in the Diocese of Sioux Falls. It is noted for its historic Gothic Revival church, sometimes known as the Sigel Church after the former name of the area, which was built in the 1890s and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The church is situated in rural Yankton County, about 4,800 ft east of NRHP-listed Martin&#39;s Evangelical Church. The community was established in 1885 and as of 2010, had about 40 families.</p><br>
<p>The United Church of Christ in Mission Hill, South Dakota is a church which was built in 1913. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is an L-shaped church with a square tower in the elbow of the plan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property was deeded to the church in 1889, and a first church was built on the location thereafter. The present church is a replacement for the first building.</p><br>
<p>The Vangen Church near Mission Hill, South Dakota was built in 1896. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Its weather vane is dated 1869 but it stands on a Queen Anne-style belfry that was built at a later date.</p><br>
<p>It has also been known as the Vangen Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church and, when listed, was believed to be the oldest Lutheran Church building surviving in the Dakotas.</p><br>
<p>Bethlehem Lutheran Church  is a historic Lutheran church in Nordland Township, Minnesota, United States. The church was constructed in 1897 by Swedish immigrants. The Gothic Revival building features a square tower topped by a belfry and an octagonal spire. The church&#39;s congregation formed in 1891 and was the second of five Swedish Lutheran churches established in the county. Aitkin County received a large influx of Swedish immigrants in the late 1800s, and the church is one of the best-preserved buildings constructed by the immigrant population upon their arrival.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Sheridan Plaza Hotel is a historic former hotel, now an apartment complex, located at the corner of Wilson Avenue and Sheridan Road in the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The hotel was designed by Walter Ahlschlager.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Construction on the hotel was completed in 1920 at a cost of $2 million.</p><br>
<p>The hotel opened in 1921. The brick building features extensive terra cotta ornamentation, including gargoyle griffins on some of the top corners. The hotel was the first high-rise building in Uptown. The Chicago Cubs and visiting teams that played the Cubs stayed in the hotel; the building was also a popular site for weddings and dances. After the hotel closed, the building sat vacant and deteriorated significantly, and some of the terra cotta decorations fell off the side of the building. In 2009, a realty group renovated the property and reopened it as the Sheridan Plaza Apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>The hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Shedd Park Fieldhouse is the historic fieldhouse in Shedd Park, a public park in the South Lawndale community area of Chicago, Illinois. John G. Shedd, for whom the park and fieldhouse are named, gave the city the land for the park. The Prairie School building was designed by William Drummond and built in 1917. The brown brick building features limestone trim. A Prairie School gymnasium designed by Michaelsen and Rognstad was added to the building in 1928.</p><br>
<p>The fieldhouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 30, 1974, and was designated as a Chicago Landmark on February 11, 2004.</p><br>
<p>Notre Dame de Chicago is a Roman Catholic church in the Near West Side community area of Chicago, Illinois. The church was built from 1889 to 1892, replacing an earlier church built in 1865 at a different site. French Canadian architect Gregoire Vigeant designed the church in the Romanesque Revival style; the design has a heavy French influence which can be seen in its Greek cross layout, its hipped roofs and square domes, and the emphasis on height suggested by its two cupolas and its lantern. Due to the declining size of its original French congregation, the Archdiocese of Chicago gave control of the church to the Fathers of the Blessed Sacrament in 1918. The church hosted the International Eucharistic Congress in 1926.</p><br>
<p>As the successor to the St. Louis Church, the first French church in Chicago, Notre Dame de Chicago represents a significant part of the history of French immigrants in Chicago. The church has been called "the best extant landmark associated with the French in Chicago" and "the only surviving French monument" in the city. Due to its importance to the history of the French community and its architectural significance, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 7, 1979.</p><br>
<p>In January 2019, it was announced that the parish would be merged with nearby Holy Family Church as part of the Chicago Archdiocese&#39;s reconfiguration plan. A pastor for both parishes would say Masses in both locations but be based out of Notre Dame, with Holy Family still available for special events and weddings. The merger took effect in July 2019.</p><br>
<p>The Chamberlain Bridge, is a historic bridge connecting the towns of Chamberlain and Oacoma across the Missouri River and Lake Francis Case in Brule County, South Dakota. The bridge was originally completed in 1925 and carried USA Route 16  over the Missouri River.</p><br>
<p>In 1953, Lake Francis Case was created by the new Fort Randall Dam and the bridge became obsolete. The Wheeler Bridge, also completed in 1925, was floated up the river 70 mi and the two bridges were joined to span the new lake. The bridge now carries Interstate 90 Business (I-90 Bus.). The main path of I-90 crosses the lake on a modern bridge 1 mi south of the Chamberlain Bridge and a railroad bridge crosses about 300 yd south of I-90.</p><br>
<p>Chamberlain Bridge is designated South Dakota Department of Transportation bridge no. 08-068-084 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>1925 bridge</h2><br>
<p>In 1923 South Dakota&#39;s bridge fund had a balance of $4 and groups from Rosebud, Chamberlain, Pierre, Forest City and Mobridge asked the state legislature to fund a bridge in their location to cross the Missouri River. State bridge engineer John Edward Kirkham promised that he could build all five bridges for $2 million, even though a single bridge at Bismarck, North Dakota across the Missouri had recently cost $1.3 million. Kirkham later fulfilled his promise, building all five bridges for a total of $2.1 million.</p><br>
<p>The original Chamberlain Bridge was composed of four 336-foot riveted Pennsylvania through truss spans laid end to end. It was built by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Works of Leavenworth, Kansas and completed in September 1925 at an estimated cost of $303,623.</p><br>
<p>The Wheeler Bridge, originally known as the Rosebud Bridge, was composed of six 256-foot pin-connected Pennsylvania through truss spans. It was built by the Kansas City Bridge Company with steel provided by the American Bridge Co. and also completed in September 1925. Its estimated cost was $771,080. This bridge with its pin-connections, was designed to be disassembled because Kirkham thought that it might be replaced with a combined railroad-highway bridge.</p><br>
<h2>1953 bridge</h2><br>
<p>As the waters of Lake Francis Case began to rise in 1953, sections of the Wheeler Bridge were floated northward to construct the new Chamberlain Bridge. The new bridge site was slightly south of the old bridge site and the bridge was in effect widened by using two parallel bridge spans to replace one span on the old bridge. The four spans of the old Chamberlain bridge formed the easternmost two double-spans of the new bridge. The six smaller spans from the Wheeler Bridge formed the westernmost three double-spans of the new bridge. The cost of construction was $4.5 million and the new bridge was dedicated on December 7, 1953.</p><br>
<p>Beni Israel Cemetery, also known as Cemetery Beni Israel and today known as B&#39;nai Israel Cemetery, is an historic Jewish cemetery located at 1301 E. 2100 Road in Eudora, Douglas County, Kansas. It was founded in 1858 by German and Polish Jews who were a part of the German Immigrant Settlement Company from Chicago that had founded Eudora in 1856. One-year-old Isaac Cohn who died September 5, 1858, was the first person buried in the cemetery. He was the son of Asher Cohn , an immigrant businessman from Lubawa, Poland who founded a general store in Eudora ca. 1857 and who is also buried here with his wife Sarah. After 1928, burials ceased for decades until 1978 when responsibility for the cemetery was taken on by the Lawrence Jewish Community Congregation of nearby Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>On January 2, 2013, Beni Israel Cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Site AU-154  is an archaeological site in Shenandoah National Park, in Augusta County, Virginia, United States.</p><br>
<p>The site was discovered during the early 1970s as part of a comprehensive survey of the national park. It is one of fifteen sites that the survey found along Paine Run, a group that also includes the Paine Run Rockshelter and the Blackrock Springs Site.</p><br>
<p>Site 44-AU-154 lies on the southern side of Paine Run at the mouth of its hollow, on the edge of the national park and at the foot of the Blue Ridge, thus occupying a transition zone between the Shenandoah Valley and the mountain. It extends from the stream to the base of the mountain, approximately 25 m north to south, while east to west it is four times as long. At the time of its discovery, a Forest Service fire road bisected the site; the northern half was partially occupied by a privately owned house, while the southern half was part of the national park. Approximately 400 m east of the site is a rock outcrop with several rockshelters, including the significant Paine Run Rockshelter.</p><br>
<p>Out of more than 2,000 artifacts discovered in a cursory excavation of the road and roadside sections of the site, more than 98% were locally obtainable jasper and quartzite. Some of the projectile points found at the site were characteristic of the Savannah River and Halifax cultures, allowing the site&#39;s occupation to be dated as occurring between 3000 and 1000 BC. During this time, the site is likely to have been used as a semipermanent base camp for Indians relying either on the mountain resources or the resources of the valley, whether for tool-manufacturing, processing hunted animals, or using plants found nearby. Because AU-154 bears evidence of a wider range of activities than do some of the smaller sites located higher up on Paine Run, it may have been a central point for activities occurring at the single-use higher camps.</p><br>
<p>The site&#39;s archaeological value is so significant that it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1985, together with the Paine Run shelter and the Blackrock Springs Site.</p><br>
<p>The Blackrock Springs Site  is an archaeological site in Shenandoah National Park, in Augusta County, Virginia, United States.</p><br>
<p>The site was discovered during the early 1970s as part of a comprehensive survey of the national park. It is one of fifteen sites that the survey found along Paine Run, a group that also includes the Paine Run Rockshelter and the unnamed 44-AU-154. Located near the stream&#39;s source at Blackrock Springs, the site measures approximately 150 x, although the survey concluded that it was only about 5 cm deep. It was occupied during an exceptionally long period of time, beginning before 7000 BC and continuing until after 1000 BC; among the earliest artifacts found at Blackrock Springs is a St. Albans-related projectile point, and the most intensive uses appear to date from the middle to late Archaic period. This chronological distribution, together with the uneven physical distribution of artifacts (most were found in several small clusters, rather than being spread evenly around the site) and the nature of the artifacts found (approximately 98% of the three thousand items catalogued were pieces of locally obtained quartzite), led investigators to conclude that millennia of tribesmen in the Shenandoah Valley and the Piedmont used the site as a base camp for occasional hunting and gathering on the mountainside.</p><br>
<p>The Blackrock Springs Site&#39;s archaeological value is so significant that it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1985, together with the Paine Run shelter and site 44-AU-154.</p><br>
<p>The Cliff Kill Site  is an archaeological site in Shenandoah National Park, in Madison County, Virginia, United States. Its name derives from the discoverers&#39; supposition that it was originally used as a buffalo jump.</p><br>
<p>The site was recorded during the early 1970s as part of a comprehensive survey of the national park. One of several sites in the Big Meadows complex, Cliff Kill lies at the meadow&#39;s eastern side, immediately east of a 10-meter cliff; boulders mark the northern edge, and the headwaters of a small stream form the boundaries to the east and south. The surveyors test excavated the site, discovering that Cliff Kill yielded the fewest artifacts of any site so investigated (seventy-one, versus hundreds or thousands at other sites), and almost half of these items were broken pieces of stone tools whose original purpose could not be identified. Quartzite was the dominant material, being used for more than three-quarters of artifacts. Some pieces of projectile points were identifiable as to their cultural affiliation, including three dating from the middle to late Archaic period and one Woodland point, thousands of years newer than the other three.</p><br>
<p>Given the paucity of artifacts, the appearance of flakes that had been reused for some purpose, and the total absence of evidence for on-site lithic reduction, the surveyors concluded that the site was periodically used as a specialty hunting camp, not as a base camp where daily tasks (such as repairing stone tools) would have been undertaken; if the site indeed were used as a buffalo jump, the animals would have been butchered at the cliff&#39;s base and the meat removed for consumption elsewhere. This supposition prompted the surveyors to choose the name "Cliff Kill" for the site.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, Cliff Kill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its archaeological value.</p><br>
<p>The Paine Run Rockshelter  is an archaeological site in Shenandoah National Park, in Augusta County, Virginia, United States.</p><br>
<p>The site was discovered during the early 1970s as part of a comprehensive survey of the national park. It is one of fifteen sites that the survey found along Paine Run, a group that also includes archaeological site 44-AU-154 and the Blackrock Springs Site. Located in a mountainside hollow, near three other rockshelters, the site is deeply stratified. It is a small shelter, only about 45 m&sup2; in area, and little taller than the average man. The shelter faces northward, toward the narrow floodplain and Paine Run, which flows approximately 15 m away; it sits just east of site 44-AU-154.</p><br>
<p>While other archaeological sites in Paine Run Hollow date primarily from the Archaic period, the rockshelter appears to have been occupied at a period of culture change, as the inhabitants were in the process of transitioning from the use of quartzite to cryptocrystalline for their stone tools. Evidence of occupation persists as late as the fourteenth century AD. The site&#39;s two components yielded eight hundred and fifteen hundred separate artifacts in total; its artifactual density was the highest of any site recorded by the survey, prompting its interpretation as a regional base camp used frequently by larger groups of people. The surveyors readily conducted a test excavation after finding many lithic flakes, pieces of pottery, and projectile points on the surface. The ceramics are dominated by a form known as "Albemarle cord-marked", which represents nearly two-thirds of potsherds found in the shelter. Meanwhile, the shapes of the surviving lithic flakes (small pieces with almost no cores) appears to indicate that toolmaking done in the shelter consisted of refining rough work that had been performed elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>The site&#39;s archaeological value is so significant that it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1985, together with 44-AU-154 and the Blackrock Springs Site.</p><br>
<p>Gran Evangelical Lutheran Church is a historic church in Popple Township, Clearwater County, Minnesota. Gran Church in Clearwater County is situated near the junction of Clearwater County Road 45 and 20 outside Bagley, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The log constructed church was built in 1897 by Ole Eneberg, during a time when that portion of Minnesota was just starting to be settled. Lumber companies were moving into north-central Minnesota to harvest the pine forests there, and homesteaders were following the loggers and establishing farms there. A group of Norwegian immigrants started the area&#39;s first church congregation. They hired Reverend G.P. Nesseth (1867-1937) who was doing missionary work in the area after being educated at Luther College in Decorah, Iowa. Reverend Nesseth and his congregation were members of the Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Church services were held in the homes of church members for the first two years until the congregation built this structure between April and July 1897.</p><br>
<p>The congregation continued to worship in the log building until 1953, when they merged with another local congregation and established Our Savior&#39;s Lutheran Church in Ebro, Minnesota. In 1973, the Clearwater County Historical Society placed a plaque on the building recognizing it as "the first church built in Clearwater County". It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>St. Nicholas Orthodox Church is a historic Eastern Orthodox church in Caribou, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1905 by Ukrainian American immigrants. The church features an entrance tower and two onion domes atop its sanctuary and apse; the domes are both topped by crosses. The church was used for services through the 1940s and has since only been used for occasional events.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Rocky Fork Park Site is an archaeological site in the southeastern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located in Rocky Fork State Park in eastern Highland County, the site&#39;s earthworks have been designated a historic site because of their archaeological importance.</p><br>
<p>The site comprises a pair of circular enclosures, one within the other, which sit atop the edge of a hill. Because the tops of the enclosures are level, the western side is barely distinguishable from the adjacent ridgeline, while the eastern side is 11 ft higher than the hillside immediately below it. Both earthworks include "gateways" on their eastern sides, which because of their location on the hillside produce in the observer a sense of being within an amphitheatre.</p><br>
<p>Almost no changes have been made to the site in the historic period; the forest originally covering the site has been removed to permit its use as pastureland, but the field has never been plowed. The earthworks are believed to have been the work of Hopewellian peoples, who lived in the region for the millennium ending around AD 700. While the Hopewell are known to have built many hilltop enclosures, including the large Highland County site known as Fort Hill, the placement of the Rocky Fork Site is unique. Like most Hopewell sites, it is believed to have been built for ceremonial purposes.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the Rocky Fork Park Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, along with a Hopewellian mound group also within Rocky Fork State Park. Both locations qualified for inclusion on the National Register because of their archaeological importance. They are two of four Highland County archaeological sites on the Register, along with Fort Hill and the Workman Works.</p><br>
<p>The Congregational Church of Ada is a historic church on E. 2nd Avenue and 1st Street in Ada, Minnesota. Designed by Charles Waterbury, a brother-in-law of congregation member Fred Hampson, it was built in 1900 for a cost of $6,000 to serve the needs of a congregation meeting in a schoolhouse at the time. When it was dedicated on December 25, 1900, Rev. H. William Stiles was the first pastor to serve in that building, the first brick church in Ada.</p><br>
<p>Edward F. Wheeler, pastor from 1886 to 1890, helped acquire the church bell by writing to his mother in New England and informing her of their need. She enlisted the aid of several churches in her vicinity to secure the money necessary and sent it to her son.</p><br>
<p>In April, 1938, it was discovered that bees had made a home in the belfry. A beekeeper was called in to smoke out the bees. A large quantity of honey was revealed, which was canned by the Ladies&#39; Aid after being extracted from the combs. Nearly a hundred quarts were obtained and sold to the local stores.</p><br>
<p>On June 5, 1970, the congregation voted to combine with the United Methodist Church of Ada and form a new congregation, Faith United Church, whose building would be built on the west side of Ada on Hwy. 200. Their current building was donated to the Norman County Historical Society who housed their museum there until the Flood of 1997.</p><br>
<p>Rev. Rolf Stohler was the last pastor to serve in this building.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, the Norman County Historical Society applied for and were granted approval to the National List of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Prior to designing this church, Charles Waterbury had attended MIT and graduated in 1895. He became a member of the American Institute of Architects in 1909 and after working in Chicago, he moved to Washington D.C. in 1918. In May 1918 he became an Army Captain and served in the Construction Division of the Army as Chief until his death in October of that year.</p><br>
<p>St. Peters Catholic Church is a historic church in Gentilly Township, Minnesota, United States. The church, built from 1914 to 1915, and the adjacent 1902 rectory were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The church was noted for its exemplary Gothic Revival architecture, and both buildings served as the anchor of a Catholic French Canadian settlement. St. Peters celebrated its centennial in 2014 with a renovation project.</p><br>
<p>Church of Sts. Peter and Paul—Catholic is a historic church building on State Street in Gilman, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1930 to serve a Polish-American congregation and designed in the Beaux Arts style by the Minneapolis architectural firm of Cordell & Olson. The first church was a log structure in 1872. It was known as the church of St. Wenceslas. Then a new church was built in the 1880s and was a frame structure known as St. Casimirs Church. The old log church was converted into classrooms. A new school building was built in 1909 and is present today. St. Casimirs church was destroyed by fire in 1891. A new and larger frame building was constructed for the new church. This church building stood north of the present brick building. The school building was completed in 1909. Fr. Vincent Wotzka as pastor had a brick rectory built in 1924. It was also designed by Cordelia and Olson. Sometime during these early years, the name of the parish was changed to Saints Peter and Paul. No reason has been found for the change. The church complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Clearwater Evangelical Lutheran Church is a rural former place of worship near the Clearwater River in Equality Township, Red Lake County, Minnesota. It served a congregation of Norwegian Americans which organized in 1898 under the name Clearwater Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church of America. Before building the church, they met in homes and log schoolhouses.</p><br>
<p>The cornerstone of the church was dedicated in 1911 and the building was completed 1912 but not wired for electricity until 1949. Norwegian was taught in the church school until 1940 and into the 1950s some worship services were entirely in Norwegian. The church closed in 1988 due to declining membership. Together with the adjacent cemetery, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church is a historic church in Garden City, Minnesota, United States. The town, along the Watonwan River, was originally established in 1856 as Fremont. A Baptist congregation was formed in the community in 1858, and eight years later, the church was formally organized. In 1867, the membership split amidst a disagreement between members who wanted a more aggressive evangelical mission and members who wanted the status quo. One of the groups moved ahead with plans to build a church, contracting for the delivery of logs to a nearby sawmill. The sawmill was unable to receive the logs before winter came, though, and the logs were washed away in spring flooding.</p><br>
<p>The congregation then made plans to build a church from concrete blocks made in the town by the firm of Geist and Hentzelman. This structure is believed to be the earliest in the state built of concrete block or artificial stone. The structure was dedicated on January 17, 1869, and the two groups reunited and used it jointly. It measures 33 ft by 55 ft and was completed at a cost of $4,100.</p><br>
<p>Congregationalists and Presbyterians also held services in this building for a time as a combined congregation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Nora Unitarian Universalist Church, originally called Nora Free Christian Church, is a historic church in Hanska, Minnesota, United States. The congregation was formed by a number of Brown County citizens who dissented from the Norwegian Lutheran community. They found Kristofer Janson, who also had some dissenting opinions from the Lutheran Church of Norway and who was visiting the Midwest on a lecture tour. Janson had previously founded the Free Christian Church of Minneapolis, later known as the Nazareth Church. The organizers of the church in Hanska asked Janson to be their minister, and he came to the area and established the church in January 1882. By the fall of 1882, the congregation had raised enough money to build a church. It was built the next spring and hosted its first service on July 8, 1883. The next weeks service on July 15 would be the last, because the building was demolished by a tornado on July 21. Some critics said it was Gods punishment for a group of dissenters.</p><br>
<p>The church was rebuilt later in 1883, and it was dedicated on July 13, 1884. Janson spent his summers at the church in Hanska and spent his winters in Minneapolis, and he called the Nora church a refuge from city life and a "paradise".</p><br>
<p>Janson returned to Norway in 1893 and continued his ministry there, but he continued to correspond with his former congregation until he died in 1917. The successor pastor, Amandus Norman, served until 1931, and the church has continued to grow and flourish since then. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St. Hubertus is a historic Catholic church in Chanhassen, Minnesota, United States, built in 1887. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for having local significance in the themes of "community planning and development" and "exploration/settlement". It was nominated for symbolizing the Franciscan brotherhood that platted and grew the German Catholic settlement that became Chanhassen.</p><br>
<p>The town itself was first named St. Hubertus before it became Chanhassen. The congregation was established by Father Aloysius Wewer in 1877. The 1887 building was actually the third building used by the congregation. It was built by John Geiser (1812–1902), who also carved the altar and built about 30 other churches in his lifetime. The parish built its fourth church building in 1976, then built its present building in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Laketown Moravian Brethren&#39;s Church  is a historic church on County Highway 11 in Victoria, Minnesota, United States.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was organized on October 31, 1858, at the house of John Holtmeier. In 1860 a log church was built on land that Holtmeier donated to the congregation. In 1878, a brick church was built near the previous site, at a cost of $2500, with 74 members in the congregation.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was nominated for being a well-preserved example of rural vernacular religious architecture, marking a transition between the spartan frame designs of Carver County&#39;s earliest churches and its elaborate later churches of brick.</p><br>
<p>Norwood Methodist Episcopal Church, also known as the Church in the Maples, is a historic church in Norwood Young America, Minnesota, United States. The building is in the Romanesque style, which was popular for public buildings in Minnesota but uncommon in Carver County. It has semicircular door and window openings, a wheel window in the belfry, quatrefoil window sash decorations, and broad and smooth walls.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1876 and was added to the National Register in 1980. It was listed for its distinctive architectural embellishments and connection to town founder James Slocum, Jr., who financed and built it.</p><br>
<p>The building was destroyed by fire in December 2018.</p><br>
<p>Zoar Moravian Church  is a historic church in Laketown Township, Minnesota, United States, near the city of Waconia, Minnesota. It was built in 1863 by a congregation of immigrants from Hopedale, Pennsylvania. It is built in a Greek Revival style, typical of other early public buildings in Minnesota. The steeple was moved forward in 1908 to create a bell tower. The congregation disbanded in the 1940s, but the church is maintained and used by the Waconia Moravian Church.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Laurel Historic District is a national historic district located at Laurel, Sussex County, Delaware. The district includes 701 contributing buildings, 5 contributing sites, 4 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Laurel. It includes residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings dated from the late-18th century to the 1930s. The residential buildings are mostly frame structures in the "I-house" plan. Most commercial buildings re brick structure and date to the early-20th century. Notable non-residential buildings include the Dashiell Building, Sussex Trust Building, Mellon Bank Building, Laurel Railroad Station , firehouse , the original water company building, more recent town water buildings, USA Post Office , Centenary Methodist Church, St. Phillip&#39;s Episcopal Church the Methodist Protestant Church, and the I.O.O.F. Meeting Hall.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Richards Historic District is a national historic district located in Greenwood, Sussex County, Delaware. The district includes 21 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site encompassing portions of three separate farms with three groupings of farm buildings. The farms are Poplar Level Farm, Locust Grove Farm, and Middle Space Farm. The three houses in the district were constructed by various members of the Richards family between 1758 and 1868. The earliest structure in the district is Poplar Level, the main section of which was built about 1758 by John Richards.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Pagan Creek Dike is a historic causeway located at Lewes, Sussex County, Delaware. It is about 700 feet  long, nine to ten feet  wide at the top, constructed of clay and loam piled atop a sand footing, which rests on marsh mud. In some places, the dike still rises about two feet above the level of the adjacent marsh. It is dated to the mid- to late-17th century, and is one of the oldest surviving road structures in Delaware. It was apparently built by the Dutch settlers to connect the Dutch West India Company fort with the hinterland beyond Pagan Creek.</p><br>
<p>Pagan Creek was the earliest known name for this body of water. It was later known as "Canarikill", which translates roughly as Canary Creek. The numerous Goldfinches in the area reminded the Dutch of canaries, hence the name. Kill means creek, basically, in Dutch. Over time, Canarikill became localized as Canarical, a name that persisted well into the mid to later 1900s by some locals. Eventually, the name evolved to Canary Creek, which is present on most modern maps.</p><br>
<p>The timbers of the dike (dyke), better thought of as a causeway, are in remarkably good condition and visible at low tide approximately 300 yards (0.27 km) west of the bridge over New Road. The entire reach of the dike is on private property. One can see the timbers at low tide by canoe or kayak, but even so the waters in the area are still privately owned.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Harbor Coast Guard Station Boathouse is a boathouse located at 9282 Marina Road in Eagle Harbor, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Life-Saving Station at Eagle Harbor was constructed in the period 1910-1912 by the United States Life-Saving Service. The original station complex included the station building with a hip-roof watch tower at the corner and a two-bay boathouse that probably was located where the present structure is. Other buildings and structures have been added to the complex over the years. In 1915, the Life-Saving Service was combined with the United States Revenue Cutter Service to create the United States Coast Guard, and the name of the Eagle Harbor Life-Saving Station was changed to the Eagle Harbor Coast Guard Station. In 1938 the original boathouse was replaced with the current structure. The station remained in service until 1950. Several structures were moved across Eagle Harbor to the grounds of the Eagle Harbor Light. The 1938 boathouse is the only original structure remaining on site.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Harbor Coast Guard Station Boathouse is currently operated by the Keweenaw County Historical Society as the Eagle Harbor Life-Saving Station.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Eagle Harbor Coast Guard Station Boathouse is a rectangular, one-story structure on a poured concrete foundation measuring 58 feet by 44 feet. The building has a hip roof clad in what may be original cedar shingles, and walls covered with wide exposure wood weatherboard siding. The building has three boat bays facing what was once a nearby former boat slip. There is a chimney on one side and small gabled dormers with round-head double-hung colonial windows in the roof on all the other elevations. There are five roll-up panel doors, two on the north elevation and three on the south elevation, and double-hung six-over-six windows with wooden shutters.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building contains one large open space, with concrete flooring gently sloping toward one end. The Keweenaw County Historical Society has filled the interior with displays of Life-Saving Service and Coast Guard artifacts, including rescue boats and equipment of the types used at this station.</p><br>
<p>Eagle Harbor Coast Guard Station Boathouse B.jpgSide elevation</p><br>
<p>Eagle Harbor Coast Guard Station Boathouse C.jpgWater side</p><br>
<p>Eagle Harbor Coast Guard Station Boathouse D.jpgSite in harbor</p><br>
<p>The Ballard Road Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Built in the late nineteenth century and since bypassed, the bridge has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Following a design by H.E. Hebble, Built of wood with iron elements on abutments of limestone and covered with a metal roof, the single-span bridge is covered with vertical siding and retains the original square shape of its portals. Much of Greene County is underlain by high-quality limestone (the McDonald Farm near Xenia supplied limestone for the Washington Monument) and from this limestone the bridge&#39;s abutments were taken; it appears that the quarries for the abutments were located elsewhere in the surrounding New Jasper Township.</p><br>
<p>Although the Ballard Road Bridge remains in its original rural setting, its surroundings are no longer as quiet as originally; USA Route 35 has been constructed as a controlled-access highway immediately to the south, By the 1970s, it was one of just eighteen Howe truss covered bridges remaining in Ohio, although thousands of bridges were built to this design in the 19th century throughout the United States. As such, it was deemed historically significant enough to qualify to be added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The Ballard Road Bridge is one of five covered bridges in Greene County, and the only one open to road traffic.</p><br>
<p>The Puerto Rico National Library  is the national library of Puerto Rico. It was created in 1967 as the Biblioteca General de Puerto Rico  by Joint Resolution No. 44 of the Puerto Rico Legislature. It opened on April 11, 1973. In 2003 it was renamed Biblioteca Nacional de Puerto Rico by Act 188 of August 17 of that year. The library is ascribed to the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture.</p><br>
<p>The Library shares its nineteenth-century classical building, (at one time the Bacardi Rum flagship factory), with the General Archives of Puerto Rico. The Library&#39;s specialized collections include the Dominican Collection of leather-bound religious books dating from the 16th-19th centuries, the Eugenio Maria de Hostos Collection, which includes 1,300 digitized manuscripts, and the private collection of Concha Meléndez, literary critic and former professor at the University of Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<p>The building is located in the Puerta de Tierra historic district on the Islet of San Juan. It faces the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. It is fully air‐conditioned and has free Internet access. The Library and Archives share a 119-seat amphitheater at street level where each one has its individual side desk, with an unobstructed view. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 under its former name, Carcel de Puerta de Tierra,</p><br>
<p>The Nicholas Marnach House is the restored home of a Luxembourgian pioneer family in Whitewater Township, Minnesota, United States, built 1857–1860. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 for having state-level significance in the themes of architecture and exploration/settlement. It was nominated as Southeast Minnesotas oldest surviving example of the traditional European construction occasionally produced by the regions Germanic immigrants. The house is about 3 mi north of Elba, Minnesota, within the Whitewater Wildlife Management Area, a state wildlife preserve adjacent to Whitewater State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Nicholas Marnach House is a rectangular, two-story building with a rear lean-to set into a hillside. There is an attic under a half-hip roof, and a partial basement under the east half of the house. The walls are constructed of randomly laid limestone covered by thick stucco, and are up to 3 ft thick. It has three rooms on each floor, each room having a large square window facing south. Narrow staircases provide access between the floors. The attic has smaller windows on either gable, and a layer of concrete poured over the plank flooring as a form of fireproofing. The style includes design features in use since medieval times, such as the mortise and tenon timber framing, massive stone walls, stucco façade, square windows, and half-hip roof.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John and Mary Marnach, with their son Nicholas, were immigrants from the commune of Rambrouch in Luxembourg. Many of their countrymen had settled in the communities of Elba and Rollingstone in Winona County. Most of the settlers built simple, subsistence-style residences, but the Marnachs opted to employ construction methods hearkening back to medieval Germany. Farmers and stonemasons by trade, they constructed a home for themselves in four stages from 1857 to 1860. The house stood on a stagecoach road between Minneiska and Plainview, Minnesota. It was part of the now-abandoned townsite of Whitewater Falls. A wooden lean-to was added to the rear of the house in 1914.</p><br>
<p>The house remained occupied for several decades, but by the mid-20th century it stood vacant. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in January 1978. Descendants of the area&#39;s settlers spearheaded an international effort to preserve the deteriorating house, gaining the assistance of the Luxembourg government and donations collected by Luxembourg schoolchildren. From 1991 to 1993 craftsmen from Luxembourg worked with local volunteers to restore the Marnach House, replacing the roof, doors, windows, and shutters, reconstructing much of the west wall, replastering the interior, and installing new flooring. On August 12, 1993, the restored house was dedicated in a ceremony that included former Luxembourg prime minister Pierre Werner.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Nicholas Marnach House is the only fieldstone farmhouse of its size and type in Southeast Minnesota. It is also the oldest known surviving example of traditional European construction among the regions pioneer architecture. It is both a testament to the areas Germanic immigrants and a rare vision of northern European architecture transposed to a similar environment in the New World.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The Nicholas Marnach House stands on public land in a state wildlife area, and can be reached by foot year-round. Occasional public events provide wagon or sleigh rides to the house, and guided tours of the interior.</p><br>
<p>The J. C. Adams Stone Barn is a historic Romanesque Revival barn constructed of stone and wood located about 1 mi northeast of the town of Sun River, Montana, in the United States. It is just south of USA Route 89. It is the only Romanesque Revival stone barn in the United States located west of the Mississippi River. Chere Jiusto, Christine Brown, and Tom Ferris of the Montana Historical Society have described the Adams Stone Barn as "one of Montana&#39;s most-beloved and best-known landmark barns." The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 12, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History of the barn</h2><br>
<h3>J.C. Adams and construction of the barn</h3><br>
<p>James Calvin Adams was born in Morgan County, Kentucky, on December 11, 1846 to Lott William and Rebecca May Adams. He spent his childhood working on his family&#39;s farm. He was the third of eight children, and the oldest boy. His mother died in 1856 at the age of 32. His father died in Bates County, Missouri, in 1861 at the age of 44, leaving Adams orphaned. After being imprisoned at the age of 16 during the American Civil War, he was released and settled in the Montana Territory in 1863 (traveling up the Missouri River by steamboat). He spent several years working for the Diamond R. Wagon Co. hauling supplies from Fort Benton to Walla Walla via the Mullan Road. In December 1874, he moved to Sun River, Montana, where he established the Sun River Ranch. He raised cattle, horses, and sheep, which he sold to the United States Army at nearby Fort Shaw. He opened stores in Sun River and in Augusta, Montana, and by 1882 was one of the wealthiest landowners in the area.</p><br>
<p>Adams began construction of the stone barn in 1882. He hired two Swedish immigrant stonemasons to help construct it. William Bruce, a Canadian immigrant, was hired as the construction foreman. and shipped by steamboat to nearby Fort Benton. When completed after nearly three years, the nearby Sun River Press newspaper called it the "Marvel of Montana." To celebrate the barns completion, Adams held a roller skating party on the barns second floor.</p><br>
<p>The main section of the barn was used by Adams to house cattle. The west wing contained several horse stalls, and was also used to house the horse tack. The east wing was used as a garage for storing wagons, and contained a cooled room for holding dressed meat. The second floor was used to store hay. But dances were also held there, and it sometimes functioned as housing for passengers on the local stagecoach route. Two of Adams workers, Robert Swain and Samuel Gilmour, founded Gilmour and Swains Buggy and Carriage Repair and Corrective Shoeing in the barn in 1885. (The business still existed as of 2012 as Swains Spring Service.)</p><br>
<p>Fort Shaw closed in 1890. But until then, the forts soldiers often held roller skating parties as well as formal functions in the barns second floor. The barn&#39;s large meat locker also often stored meat for the fort.</p><br>
<h3>20th century ownership changes</h3><br>
<p>Adams died in 1913. His widow, who had nine children to support, was unable to pay the taxes on the farm. Fred A. Woehner, owner of the Great Falls Drug Co. (a small chain of pharmacies in the area), acquired the ranch in a tax sale in 1920 and used it as a home. Woehner died, and in 1939 C.A. Christensen (whose family owned a ranch next to the Adams property) purchased the ranch from his estate. The Christensen family used the barn to house cattle for their dairy. The Christensen family sold the ranch to Great Falls lumber yard and hardware store owner Harold Poulsen in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The same year that Poulsen bought the old Adams ranch and its stone barn, Mike and Teresa Stuckslager began researching the history of the barn. Mike Stuckslager was a former graphic and advertising design artist for the Chicago Tribune newspaper who quit to be the editor of two historic gun-collecting magazines. Teresa Stuckslager was a writer of commercials for radio and television. The Stuckslagers moved to Montana in early 1973, and quickly discovered the Adams Stone Barn. Over the next six years, the Stuckslagers researched the history of the barn, documented the genealogy of the Adams family, and established the historic nature of the structure.</p><br>
<p>By 1979, the stone barn was in poor condition. The sandstone front wall was leaning forward by about 2 ft, most of the windows lacked glass, and the life-size horse weathervane had lost its ears and tail to lightning. The roof was collapsing, most of the shingles were gone, and the ventilators had collapsed. The local newspaper, the Great Falls Tribune, said the structure was close to "near-certain collapse".</p><br>
<p>Stuckslager nominated the barn for placement on the National Register of Historic Places, to which it was added in 1979. The Stuckslagers approached Poulsen about restoration efforts. Poulsen agreed the barn needed conserving, and that same year established a nonprofit organization, the Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co., to take ownership of the barn and the immediate land it stood on. (The nonprofit was named after a town that J.C. Adams planned to found near his ranch, but never did.) Poulsen received a $79,000 tax credit for donating the barn to the nonprofit.</p><br>
<h3>Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. and the restoration of the barn</h3><br>
<p>Ownership of the Adams Stone Barn by Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. made the structure eligible for preservation grants from the United States Department of the Interior. The nonprofit received a $79,000 preservation grant in 1980 that greatly improved its structural integrity. The roof was restored, new glass windows installed, and the second floor reinforced to prevent its collapse. The front sandstone wall was set upright, and all the walls strengthened against collapse. Much of the preservation work was performed by local volunteers. Another $31,000 was raised locally to finish the restoration work in 1981. The rededication of the Adams Stone Barn in August 1981 was attended by Montana Governor Ted Schwinden and Alma Adams Morgan, the 101-year-old surviving child of J.C. Adams.</p><br>
<p>At some point between 1981 and 2002, Stuckslager installed an underground electrical power line that allowed the barn to have electric lighting and power. But no electric wiring inside the barn was installed, and the power never turned on.</p><br>
<h3>Sun River Valley Historical Society ownership</h3><br>
<p>In 2004, the board of directors of the Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. voted to dissolve and sell the Adams Stone Barn. Teresa Osborne Stuckslager died in October 1994, and Mike Stuckslager married Jennifer Elaine Bobo in 1996. Mike Stuckslager died of heart disease in May 2003. Jennifer Stuckslager later remarried and had two children. Jennifer Stuckslager Stetson and her parents, Thomas and Melinda Bobo, served as the sole board members for the Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. But with a young family, Stetson no longer could devote the time needed to maintain the foundation. The Adams Stone Barn was put up for sale after the nonprofit received no "serious offers" from private individuals to buy it, with a price of $150,000 to $300,000. Three of the four houses adjacent to the stone barn were also listed for sale, although not part of the stone barn property. She said any proceeds from the barn&#39;s sale would be donated to charity, although Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co.was still determining whether any grants had to be repaid.</p><br>
<p>The sale was put on hold, however, after the Montana State Attorney General&#39;s office information Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. that a nonprofit could not sell its assets but had to transfer them to another nonprofit. In May 2005, the press reported that another local nonprofit, the Sun River Valley Historical Society had signed a letter of intent to receive title to the Adams Stone Barn as a gift from the Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co.</p><br>
<p>At the time of the 2005 ownership transfer, the structure needed additional renovation. Many of the wooden window frames were rotting, the roof needed repairing, the building had been vandalized, and the structure was suffering from extremes of heat and cold (since it lacked heating). Additionally, the building had little land around it to prevent encroachment. Although the building had a 100 ft right-of-way from the local dirt access road to the front entrance, it lacked easements on the other three sides of the structure.</p><br>
<p>By February 2007, the Sun River Valley Historical Society had reorganized the Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. Warren Harding of the Sun River Valley Historical Society was named the acting chairman of the board, and a new board was being formed. A for-profit unit, the J.C. Adams Stone Barn Co., was organized to promote the Adams Stone Barn as an event venue, with the goal of raising additional funds for the barn. In November 2007, the Montana Historic Preservation Office awarded a $10,000 grant to the reorganized Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. The grant was used for replacing broken windows, repairing rotting and damaged wooden window frames, and for emergency repairs to the roof. The nonprofit said that, despite the repairs, the building was quite structurally sound. The organization also began searching for ways to keep the building in use throughout the year, both to prevent vandalism and to raise money for the structure&#39;s continuing preservation. Among the ideas being considered were returning the structure to use as a horse stable, allowing a business to occupy a portion of the structure, turning the barn into a wedding venue, allowing a restaurant to operate in it, or using it as a museum.</p><br>
<p>Further renovation occurred in May 2008. The reorganized Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. received a $10,000 preservation grant from the state and a $5,000 preservation grant from Cascade County as well as $6,000 in donations from local citizens which allowed the roof of the Adams Stone Barn to be replaced. Dick Olson Construction removed the old roof and replaced it with a new one at a cost of $24,500. Another $800 in electrical work permitted the power to be turned on inside the barn. Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. said it would engage in another fundraising effort to replace all the windows in the structure. The nonprofit said, however, that heating the barn was impractical.</p><br>
<p>By July 2008, no use for the building had been determined. Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. board members, however, said the ideal use would be agricultural.</p><br>
<p>The nonprofit said in 2009 that the northeast corner of the structure was settling. The state awarded a Rural Property Brick and Mortar Grant to Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. to help repair this problem.</p><br>
<h2>About the barn</h2><br>
<p>Although the architect of the barn is not known, the style is primarily Romanesque Revival. It also exhibits design elements similar to those of barns raised by some of the wealthiest landowners and horse breeders in mid-1900s Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The barn is 140 ft long and 40 ft wide. It consists of a central building about 70 ft long, with matching wings whose facades thrust slightly forward and back from the main building. The roof features gables and three ventilators, situated centrally over the main building and each wing. The central ventilator is roughly three times the height of the wing ventilators, and is topped by a lifesized iron-reinforced wooden horse weathervane. Romanesque arched doorways centrally pierce the main building and each wing. Double-doored hayloft access ports are located above each arched doorway. While most barns have only ladder access to the hayloft, the Adams Stone Barn features a formal staircase because it was intended to serve as much as a public meeting space as a storage area.</p><br>
<p>The front facade is constructed of sandstone quarried from nearby sites and cut by hand on-site. The end walls are made of cement and rubble stone, while the rear wall is wood. The second floor is finished with long strips of hardwood. The roof was covered in hand-cut cedar shingles.</p><br>
<p>By 2008, the original horse weathervane was too fragile to remain atop the Adams Stone Barn. It was removed and placed on display inside the barn, and a replica installed atop the central ventilator.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The J.C. Adams Stone Barn has been featured in several books about historic structures and historic barns. These include:</p><br>
<p>Big Sky Barns by Chuck Haney (2006). The book discusses 10 of the state&#39;s most important historic barns, including the Adams Stone Barn.</p><br>
<p>A Pictorial History of the Sun River Valley, Volume 2, by the Sun River Valley Historical Society (forthcoming). This forthcoming book (announced in December 2010) is a follow-up to the 1989 book of the same name. While the first volume focused on Fort Shaw, the Mullan Road, and railroads, the second volume will focus more on local people, structures, and events. The Sun River Valley Historical Society, which is compiling the book, said it will explicitly discuss the Adams Stone Barn.</p><br>
<p>Hand Raised: The Barns of Montana by Chere Jiusto, Christine Brown, and Tim Ferris (2011). This oversize picture book by two staff members and a photographer with the Montana Historical Society depicts and discusses the history of 140 of the most architecturally important barns in Montana.</p><br>
<p>The Henry E. Legler Regional Branch of the Chicago Public Library, also called the Legler Library, the Legler Regional Library, or the Legler Branch, is a branch of the Chicago Public Library located at 115 S. Pulaski Road in the West Garfield Park community area of Chicago, Illinois. The library was built in 1919 and opened on October 11, 1920; it was the first regional library in Chicago. Chicago architect Alfred S. Alschuler designed the building in the Beaux Arts style. A Works Progress Administration mural in the library depicts Jacques Marquette and Native American traders during Marquette&#39;s visit to the Chicago area.</p><br>
<p>The Legler Library originally served an affluent Jewish community. However, as the demographics of West Garfield Park shifted, it ultimately came to serve a poor and underprivileged African-American population. The Chicago Public Library removed the Legler Library&#39;s status as a regional library in 1977, at a time when circulation was dropping at the library. The branch was rededicated in 1993 following a renovation.</p><br>
<p>The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 6, 1986.</p><br>
<p>In 2019 the library regained regional status and completed a renovation.</p><br>
<p>The Andridge Apartments is a historic apartment building located at the intersection of Ridge Avenue and Church Street in Evanston, Illinois. The building was built in 1923 and designed by Robert C. Ostergren. The S-shaped building has two courtyards, a front courtyard facing Ridge Avenue and a rear courtyard for units on Church Street. The building was designed in the Tudor Revival style and features regularly spaced bays with gables, limestone trim, and Tudor arches around its entrances. On March 15, 1984, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Church of St. Francis Xavier is a historic church on Minnesota Highway 61 in Grand Marais, Minnesota, United States. The church began as a Jesuit mission from Fort William, Ontario, in 1855 to minister to the Ojibwe residents of the area. The permanent structure was built in 1895 and was used until declining attendance forced it to close in 1936. The Cook County Historical society restored the site between 1970 and 1974 and it was added to the National Register in 1986. The church is located in the abandoned townsite of Chippewa City.</p><br>
<p>Highview Christiania Lutheran Church is an American church in Eureka Township, Minnesota, at 26690 Highview Avenue, about 9 mi southwest of Farmington, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1850s, a group of Norwegian immigrants first arrived in Eureka Township. A Norwegian language Lutheran congregation was formally organized in 1860. Their church was first known as the Norwegian-Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in Christiana Settlement.</p><br>
<p>The carpenter Gothic church was built under the direction of Hans Berg Larsen between 1877 and 1878, on the site of the old log church and dedicated in 1878. It is one of the oldest church buildings in continuous use in the state of Minnesota and has been called the Highview Christiania Lutheran Church since 1966. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Church of the Good Shepherd Episcopal, a notable example of Rural Gothic architecture located at Moore and 8th Streets in Blue Earth, Minnesota, is the oldest surviving church building in the community. As the congregation diminished in the 1970s regular worship services were eventually suspended; in 1981 its three remaining members donated the building to the Faribault County Historical Society. Since then the church has hosted seasonal ecumenical services, Christmas concerts, weddings, and funerals. It was added to the National Register in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment of the Parish</h2><br>
<p>Blue Earth was established in 1856 and, while most of its early settlers were Methodists, Episcopalians and Presbyterians also arrived from the east. The first Episcopal service in the city was held in the Presbyterian church on December 10, 1867. In 1870 Bishop Henry Whipple asked the Reverend Solomon Stephens Burleson (1833-1897), then the rector of All Saints in Northfield, to visit the city and consider becoming its resident pastor.</p><br>
<p>On January 14, 1871, the Blue Earth City Post reported that “the question of building an Episcopal Church at this place will be decided during the visit of Bishop Whipple, next week.” During that visit Whipple offered to supply the funds to build the church if the young congregation would pay for the construction of a rectory. This offer was immediately accepted: “Arrangements have been nearly completed for the establishment of regular Episcopal services at this place, the pastorate to be occupied by the Rev. S.S. Burleson. A church parsonage will also be built. Services will be held by Rev. S.S. Burleson at the school house tomorrow, Sunday, at 10½ o’clock.”</p><br>
<h2>Founding Donor</h2><br>
<p>The land for the church was purchased for $375 (the equivalent of roughly $8,000 in 2020). Within three months of Whipple’s visit, the local newspaper announced that “Plans are being matured for the erection of an Episcopal Church building in Blue Earth City, costing several thousand dollars. The money is already in hand and is the gift of Mrs. Auchmuty, a wealthy New York lady, who is now traveling in Europe.” This benefactress was Ellen Schermerhorn Auchmuty (1837-1927), the independently wealthy wife of Col. Richard T. Auchmuty, who donated the full $3,000 (the equivalent of roughly $64,000 in 2020) for the construction of the church. Both she and her husband came from prominent Episcopalian families; together they offered substantial financial support toward church construction projects on the east coast. Richard Auchmuty was also an architect, and designed St. Mary&#39;s Episcopal Church in Brooklyn, New York, and Trinity Episcopal Church in Lenox, Massachusetts, both of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places; his great-grandfather had also served as the third rector of New York City’s Trinity Church.</p><br>
<h2>Building Design and Construction</h2><br>
<p>In 1871 Blue Earth was still a small prairie community where any major construction project would have been conspicuous. Nonetheless, its residents were routinely kept apprised of the church’s progress in the local press. On August 16, 1871, the Blue Earth City Post reported the groundbreaking, and noted that “the building will be 27x60 feet, facing west with a tower to the southeast corner, and a porch in front ten feet square. It will seat about two hundred persons, and will be warmed with a furnace. The building will be ready for occupancy about Christmas.”</p><br>
<p>Reverend Burleson had overseen the construction of the three churches in Minnesota’s Cannon River Valley where he had served previously, and brought this experience to the design and completion of the Church of the Good Shepherd. He was even known to exchange his vestments for overalls to participate personally in the framing of his churches.” All of these projects were indebted to building plans published by Richard Upjohn in Upjohn’s Rural Architecture: Designs, working drawings and specifications for a wooden church, and other rural structures (1852). Joan Gundersen describes Upjohn’s style, which also characterizes Burleson’s appropriation of it in Blue Earth: “While reflecting trends in Eastern architecture and high church position, the buildings were plain, with little ornamentation except for the vertical lines of board-and-batten exterior, pointed-arch windows and doors, and a plain three-stage tower. The simplicity of the lines reflected both the modest high church position of the Minnesota churches and frontier carpenter skills.” This style eventually became known locally as “Whipple Gothic,” and brought an emphasis on “awe and mystery, tradition and liturgical space stressed the communion service as the center of worship by setting the chancel and altar apart from the congregation.”</p><br>
<p>While any building derived from Upjohn’s book would inevitably share many design features, it appears that Burleson took pains to distinguish each of his churches in some way. In this case he was also charged with building a second Episcopal church in Faribault County, in Wells, Minnesota; Gundersen notes that “Burleson’s designs for the Church of the Good Shepherd at Blue Earth City and the Church of the Nativity at Wells were near twins and very close to the Upjohn plans, with entryways added at the gable ends to both and buttresses to the building in Blue Earth. As was reported at the time, “the exterior of the church is plain, but tasty and substantial looking of a drab color, with a tall spire surmounted by a cross. It is as fine an edifice of the kind as can be found in this part of the State, and reflects much credit on the pastor, Rev. S.S. Burleson, who has been the architect and builder, and under whose…exceedingly good building arrangement the work has been accomplished.</p><br>
<p>The Blue Earth City Post published a steady stream of construction updates. On November 4, 1871: “The Episcopal Church building is progressing rapidly. The frame is up and now being enclosed. The roof will be put up next week if the weather will permit.” On November 18, 1871: “One would think by the noise in the Krupp & Pfeffer tin shop that it had been turned into a boiler shop. The workmen have been engaged for some time on a huge heating apparatus for the Episcopal Church which required much riveting, hence the noise.” On December 16, 1871: “Owing to the extremely cold weather, work on the Episcopal Church building has been greatly delayed. It was hoped that the building would be ready for dedication by Christmas, but the date of completion has now been postponed to about the middle of January. The color will be that of Portland Stone with the trimming brown. It is a handsome color and adds much to the attractiveness of the edifice. The building will be warmed by a tubular furnace in the cellar, with a register in each pew which will admit of its being speedily and uniformly heated throughout.” On February 17, 1872: “The Episcopal Church in this village will be known as the Church of the Good Shepherd. is rapidly approaching completion. The carpenters are engaged in putting in the pews.” On March 2, 1872: “There is a fair prospect that the Episcopal Church will be provided with a bell soon. It is proposed to buy a steel composition bell weighing one thousand pounds.” On March 16, 1872: “The Church of the Good Shepherd is in such a state of completeness as to admit of its being used in a short time. The absence of Bishop Whipple, who has gone to Cuba, will delay its consecration for a few weeks.” And, finally, on March 30, 1872: “Next Sunday being Easter Sunday, services will be held in the Church of the Good Shepherd at sunrise, half past ten, and at half past two. A general invitation is extended to the public to attend.”</p><br>
<h2>Consecration</h2><br>
<p>Bishop Whipple returned to Blue Earth to consecrate the church on August 20, 1872.</p><br>
<h2>Stained Glass</h2><br>
<p>At its completion the Church of the Good Shepherd displayed one large lancet window above the altar, with two wooden tablets at either side, and a number of smaller, plain, green and white lancet windows in the bell tower and around the perimeter of the seating area. The window originally installed above the altar was noteworthy. According to the Blue Earth City Post “It was the first one ever brought to Minnesota, having been in use in Christ Church, St. Paul for some years.” The Blue Earth City Mail noted that “the chancel window is of stained glass like the other windows, and has a plain cross in the center.” There was a Christ Church in St. Paul prior to 1860, but it was damaged in a fire; this window apparently survived the flames and was obtained by Burleson, who put an emphasis on including distinctive windows in the churches he built.</p><br>
<p>While the Church of the Good Shepherd was once the second home to an historically important piece of stained glass, that is not the case today. A decade after it was built the Blue Earth City Post made this announcement: “The Church of the Good Shepherd has received a beautiful new chancel window at a cost of $125 which will be unveiled in about four weeks.” This is the same window you will find in the church today; within a double lancet form it depicts Christ holding one lamb and surrounded by two sheep, with the legend “The good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep.” Here, as a pericope of John 10:14-16, one of the sheep is led by a strip of blue cloth it holds in its mouth – symbolic of the unrestrained free will to believe and follow Christ. While the composition of the image has been altered, this window appears to derive from Bernhard Plockhorst&#39;s 1878 painting, "The Good Shepherd," that became widely popular as a print.</p><br>
<p>Lenora Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic church in Lenora, Minnesota, United States, an unincorporated community in Canton Township, Fillmore County. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Minnesota conference of Methodism was organized in 1845, well before Minnesota became a territory in 1849. The Reverend Benjamin Crist started visiting the Lenora area as a missionary on a circuit between Chatfield and Brownsville in 1854. In 1856 Elder John L. Dyer officially organized the congregation. He donated 40 acre of land and began construction of a stone building, financed by the sale of lots in the town of Lenora. The Panic of 1857 thwarted the development of the area, though, and many pioneer families moved back east. Dyer left the community and moved to Colorado, where he acquired the nickname "Snowshoe Preacher".</p><br>
<p>Construction on the church was stalled for the next eight years, with half-completed stone walls. In 1865 the area was seeing financial prosperity again, and a stonemason used material from the large uncompleted church to finish building it as a smaller structure. The church was opened in 1866 and dedicated by the Reverend Daniel Cobb. The area never really prospered, though, since the railroad bypassed Lenora. In the late 1920s, the Lenora church was closed as an active congregation.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The church building has been preserved by a congregation in Newburg. It is now known as the Lenora United Methodist Pioneer Center, and is open for occasional church services, special events, and concerts. It appears much like it did in its pioneer days, with no electricity. Lighting is provided by two oil-fueled chandeliers and oil lamps in wall sconces. Heat is provided by a wood stove, and a reed pump organ and the original wooden pews are still in place.</p><br>
<p>The Buzza Company Building in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, is a building listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. The building was originally built in 1907 for the Self-Threading Needle Company. It was built by the Brayton Engineering Company at a cost of $55,000. In 1923 the Buzza Company, a maker of greeting cards, acquired the building. George Buzza remarked, "No sooner had we acquired our new building than we promptly outgrew it." The company built a $200,000 addition along Colfax Avenue, designed by local architects Magney & Tusler. They later built another addition, a five-story structure with a tower saying "BUZZA", at a cost of $150,000. The building was used as Buzza&#39;s greeting card design studio from 1923 through 1942, at which point declining sales forced the liquidation of the firm. It was then used by Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company for World War II production.</p><br>
<p>The Crawford House is a building in Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its importance as the primary residence for 36 years of James Harvey Crawford, the Father of Steamboat Springs, and his wife, Margaret Emerine  Crawford, the Mother of Routt County. The two of them together were among the most influential pioneering families in northwest Colorado. The Crawford House is also listed as a rare local example of residential Romanesque Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Crawford House was begun in 1893 by mason Charles Briggs. The stone initially came from Woodchuck Hill, but when a soft spot was encountered the rest of the stone came from the quarry at the southern end of Blackmer Drive on Emerald Mountain. 5,000 stones were used to build the Crawford House, but only 1675 are visible from the outside. There is a double wall of stones 18” thick with a 2” gap between the outer, decorative wall and the inner structural wall. There is also a foundation of stones starting seven feet underground. The house was also built with wood from local sawmills and brick from the local brickyard. Only small amounts of materials, such as the carved front door, were shipped from Denver.</p><br>
<p>With its use of stone for the first two stories of the house and a semi-circular arch over the front door opening, the Crawford House is a rare local example of Romanesque Revival residential architecture. The style was more commonly used in churches and large institutional buildings during the latter half of the 19th century, but was seldom used in residences. The house is also an example of the Foursquare style, displaying a simple square plan with stories, hipped roof, large central dormer, roof overhang, and unadorned exterior. The Colonial Revival-style porch was added sometime in the 1910s and became a favorite spot for the Crawfords to sit and chat.</p><br>
<h2>James and Margaret Crawford</h2><br>
<p>The Crawford House was the primary residence of James Harvey Crawford, the "Father of Steamboat Springs", and his wife, Margaret Emerine (Bourn) Crawford, the "Mother of Routt County." James first saw the Yampa River in the Spring of 1874. He staked his 160-acre homestead claim centered around the Steamboat Spring. In 1876, the Crawford family with their three small children built a cabin near the present intersection of 12th and Lincoln and became the first permanent settlers in the area. The Crawford cabin became the center of a growing community. It was the first post office, newspaper office, school, church, and library. The Governor appointed James as the first County Judge (1877), the first Postmaster (1878), and the first School Superintendent (1879). He was twice elected to represent Routt County in the Colorado legislature (1879 and 1887), and once elected as County Judge (1883). In 1884 Margaret helped organize the non-denominational Union Church that was the first church building in the county. Also in 1884, James organized the Steamboat Springs Town Company with financial backing of investors from Boulder. The company laid out the town, sold lots, built a bathhouse, and promoted the town. When incorporated in 1900, James was the first mayor of Steamboat Springs. James supported the family by raising several hundred head of cattle and horses, the first stockman in Steamboat Springs. He also discovered a large coal deposit leading to the Elkhead Anthracite Coal Company, and the largest onyx mine in Colorado, leading to the Colorado Onyx Company. Throughout their lives, the Crawfords welcomed one and all to visit and spend the night, and their homes were always the social hub of the community. They lived in this house over 40 years: James died in 1930 and Margaret in 1939.</p><br>
<p>The Crawford House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 7, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Hauge Lutheran Church is a historic church in Kenyon Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The church was built between 1871 and 1888 1875 using stone from a nearby quarry. The congregation was incorporated in 1875 as Hauge Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of Kenyon. The congregation was affiliated with the Hauge Synod, one of the two primary Lutheran denominations among Norwegian immigrants in rural Goodhue County. In 1902, parish members decided to build a newer church in Kenyon and Hauge Lutheran church was closed. The church is maintained and occasionally used for special events. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Holden Lutheran Church Parsonage is a historic church parsonage at Kenyon in Wanamingo Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota. The building is located on the north side of Goodhue County Highway 8. The building was added to the National Register in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The house was built circa 1861 as the parsonage for Holden Lutheran Church. With successive enlargements and alterations, it was the residence of Reverend Bernt Julius Muus, who served as the first resident pastor of the congregation until 1899. In 1869, Rev. Muus founded the Holden Academy in the parsonage as an institution of higher religious education. He served as principal of the academy until 1874. The distance from a rail line compelled him to encourage the founding of St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. Rev. Muus was also bishop of the Minnesota District of the Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America which he served until shortly before his death in 1900.</p><br>
<p>Immanuel Lutheran Church is a historic church in Hay Creek Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota, Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States, near the city of Red Wing. The congregation was organized in 1858 by German Lutheran families who had settled in Flower Valley. Their first pastor, William Wier, came to administer the sacrament twice a year through the summer of 1861. The first church building was a three-room building completed around 1862. A number of German Lutherans in the southern part of the township wanted to join the Immanuel congregation, so the congregation established a northern district and a southern district. This arrangement continued for a while until the building in Flower Valley was moved to the current location in Hay Creek in 1868. The land in Hay Creek consisted of two acres donated by a Mr. W. Plote.</p><br>
<p>The congregation grew steadily through the 1870s and 1880s. In 1893, the congregation began discussing whether they should build a new church or repair the existing structure. On February 23, 1897, the members voted to build a new church. Peter Tubesing of Red Wing proposed a floor plan, and the members initially decided to build a brick church with a cost not exceeding $4000. The voting members of the congregation later decided on April 1 to build a wood-frame church, after reviewing the costs of construction. They also decided to build the church with a balcony, an alcove room next to the altar, colored glass in the windows, and with a furnace for heating. The foundation wall was started on April 20, and the cornerstone was laid on May 16. The cornerstone ceremony attracted nearly 600 people from Goodhue, Belvidere, Frontenac, and Red Wing. The church was dedicated on November 7, 1897, with nearly 1000 visitors attending.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as a symbol of regional German American settlement, Southeast Minnesota&#39;s third-largest immigrant group after Swedes and Norwegians.</p><br>
<p>The church is part of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod.</p><br>
<p>Portland Prairie Methodist Episcopal Church  is a historic church in Eitzen, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The church was built by a Mr. Tuttle of New Albin, Iowa from plans he obtained in St. Paul, Minnesota, although it is unknown whether the plans were designed by an architect. The building was completed in 1876 at a cost of $1540. It is a fine example of Eastlake architecture, with plenty of attention to detail and good use of decorative wood trim. It is a wood-frame structure on a stone foundation, with clapboard siding and a steep gable roof clad in metal.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was composed mostly of Yankees from New York and New England. It was served by a circuit rider from Caledonia between 1855 and 1876. Presumably, the settlers wanted a church with English style influences. The active congregation moved to Caledonia in 1935, but the Eitzen building is used a few times a year. On the last Sunday in July, there is a service and celebration in the large yard.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Historic St. Johns Lutheran Church  is an historic church in Bradford Township, Minnesota, United States. The church was built by German immigrants, who were among the earliest settlers in Isanti County, Minnesota. German settlers in the southeastern portion of Bradford Township wanted their own church with services in their native language. Church services were held in members homes until the church was formally organized in 1882 and a building was built on donated land.</p><br>
<p>The building is one story high, built in the Greek Revival style, with white clapboard siding on the exterior. The interior was heated with a simple wood stove at the back of the church, and lit with kerosene lamps and Coleman Quick-Lite chandeliers. It also did not have running water or inside bathrooms. The chancel and pulpit were donated by a church in Osseo, Minnesota, that was doing its own renovations. The community never had a congregation large enough to justify having a full-time pastor. The church relied on lay people to do readings, as well as sharing a pastor with St. Johns of Weber, Minnesota. Pastor F.J. Mack, who served from 1924 through 1945, began offering services in English and stopped offering services in German. In 1959, the congregation decided to merge with St. Johns of Weber after facing declining membership.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, a restoration project saved the church from destruction, and around this time, the church and its grounds were deeded to the Isanti County Historical Society. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, but the building again fell into disrepair – until 2004, when a group, The Friends of Historic St. John&#39;s, Inc., was formed to support the renovation. With the help of over 300 financial contributors and hard working volunteers, major restoration was completed. The building and grounds are now used for traditional German cultural programs, weddings, christenings, and memorial services.</p><br>
<p>Svenska Mission Kyrka I Sodre Maple Ridge is a historic church in rural Maple Ridge Township, Minnesota, United States. It is situated on the west side of County Road 1 near the community of Braham, Minnesota. The church is also known as Swedish Mission Church of South Maple Ridge.</p><br>
<p>The Swedish Mission Church of South Maple Ridge was established in 1884 by the Evangelical Covenant Church. The simple Gothic Revival church was constructed in 1897. The church building is no longer being used, but it is maintained by the Maple Ridge Cemetery Association. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
